Abstract
In Yakut folklore studies, depending on the territory of existence, there are three traditions of narrative: Central, Viluysk and Northern. In modern science, the phenomenon of stable regional features of the plot motives of the Yakut olonkho is still relevant. The article is based on the comparative-typological study of the Northern olonkho on the material of the legends of the four Northern districts (ulus) in order to identify stable northern regional traditions in motives and establish ways and means for their transformation. The theoretical substantiation of the research is the works of folklorists on the stability of the main plot of the oral tradition (A. Lord), about a single type (with possible internal subdivisions into subtypes) of epic singers of each ethnic tradition (B.N. Putilov), about the originally creative epic beginning (Parry and A. Lord), on the influence of the improvisation of the narrator on the geographical location of folklore (V.M. Zhirmunsky), on the motive as a plot-forming element (B.N. Putilov), on the uniformity of constructing the main constituent element of the works of the oral people creativity V.Ya. Propp), regional and local traditions of the Yakut narrative (V.V. Illarionov, T.V. Illarionova, A.A. Kuzmina, G.S. Popova, G.A. Sosina), the features of the Evenk and Evenki epos (A.A. Burykin), about typical places for the epic of the Turkic-Mongolian peoples of Siberia (E.N. Kuzmina). As a result of the study, stable epic motives of the Northern olonkho are determined, some conclusions of Yakut researchers are expanded on its features, the position about the existence of a stable northern tradition is confirmed, the assumption is suggested of the mutual influence of the traditions of the Northern olonkho and the epic traditions of the Even and Evenki eposes.
Highlights
The Yakut heroic epic develops on the general mythological background, it basically has a single canon of the plot, images, language formulas, typical places. "
All the epic singers of this ethnic tradition were of the same type, they were characterized by common universals related to the nature of the epic they knew and to the historically established norms of instruction, mastery of tradition, performing ritual, etc." (Putilov, 1975, p.143)
Another difference noticed by the researcher: "In the olonkho of the Yana river region, the idea of the meeting place of the heroes of Aiyy and Abaasy - the ice hole, in the Srednekolymsk olonkho - the path of the hero of the Aiyy and the hero of the Abaasy begins with an ice hole, and this idea becomes a kind of boundary for the beginning of a whole picture of actions, a reference point, being a distinctive manifestation of the epic tradition of the northern olonkho-teller" (Illarionov, 2016, pp.244-248)
Summary
The Yakut heroic epic develops on the general mythological background, it basically has a single canon of the plot, images, language formulas, typical places. ". Illarionov in his monograph "Local Traditions of Olonkho-teller: Features of Olonkho Performance" noted a simplified beginning, a brief description of the homeland, the dwelling of the hero, fairy motives, the marriage of the heroes on women-slogans, the frequent werewolves of the characters as characteristic features of the Northern olonkho; the main purpose of the heroes is to become the ancestor of the tribe Another difference noticed by the researcher: "In the olonkho of the Yana river region, the idea of the meeting place of the heroes of Aiyy and Abaasy - the ice hole, in the Srednekolymsk olonkho - the path of the hero of the Aiyy and the hero of the Abaasy begins with an ice hole, and this idea becomes a kind of boundary for the beginning of a whole picture of actions, a reference point, being a distinctive manifestation of the epic tradition of the northern olonkho-teller" (Illarionov, 2016, pp.244248). A comparative analysis of the motifs of the Mom, Srednekolymsk, Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon olonkho will lead to the discovery of universal features characteristic of the northern olonkho and common to certain local traditions
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