Abstract
The intention of this research was to select the ideal condition for accelerated aging of bio-oil and the consequences of additive in stabilizing the bio-oil. The bio-oil was produced from the catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch. The optimum reaction conditions applied to obtain the utmost bio-oil yield were 5 wt% of H-Y catalyst at reaction temperature of 500 °C and nitrogen flow rate of 100 ml/min. A 10 wt% of solvents including acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate were used to study the bio-oil’s stability. All the test samples were subjected to accelerated aging at temperature of 80 °C for 7 days. The properties of samples used as the indicator of aging were viscosity and water content. The effectiveness of solvents increased in the following order: acetone, ethyl acetate, and 95 vol% ethanol. Based on the result of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), it could impede the chain of polymerization by converting the active units in the oligomer chain to inactive units. The solvent reacted to form low molecular weight products which resulted in lower viscosity and lessen the water content in bio-oil. Addition of 95 vol% ethanol also inhibited phase separation.
Highlights
Lignocellulosic biomass has been used for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals
The percentage changed in viscosity and water content of bio-oil, with and without solvents, after subjected to accelerate aging are presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively
The solvents used were able to improve the stability of bio-oil in terms of viscosity and water content during aging
Summary
Lignocellulosic biomass has been used for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. This has caused increasing attention due to shortage of oil reserves, enhanced fuel demand worldwide, increased climate concerns, and the inherent conflict between food prices and converting edible carbohydrates to ethanol or plant oils to bio-diesel [1]. Biomass can be transformed into a source of value-added products for the chemical industry by using a thermochemical method such as pyrolysis of bio-oil. Several drawbacks of bio-oil severely limit its potential to replace or supplement high-grade transportation fuels. These include low heating values, high corrosiveness, high water content, thermal instability and immiscibility with hydrocarbon fuels, etc. During storage the reactive components can interact to form larger molecules and altered its properties due to oxidation and thermal degradation
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