Abstract

Stability versus flocculation is studied for aqueous suspensions of a variety of mineral particles (e.g. clay, asbestos, glass), via the extended DLVO (XDLVO) approach (which includes Lewis acid–base interactions in addition to van der Waals and electrostatic interactions), as well as via classical DLVO theory, as a function of absence or presence of plurivalent counterions. Also discussed are XDLVO and DLVO analyses of polymers, biopolymers, cells and phospholipids, in aqueous media, under similar conditions. It is concluded that, in aqueous media, XDLVO analysis practically always describes the interactions of immersed or dissolved particles, cells, vesicles, polymers, biopolymers or phospholipids more accurately than classical DLVO theory.

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