Stability scrutinization and model development for mixed convective non-Newtonian hybrid nanomaterial flow in thermal system over a vertical shrinking surface

Abstract

The development of a better extremely high-efficiency coolant classified as nanofluid for numerous engineering and industrial technologies has been made possible by recent advancements in nanotechnology. In this work, we investigate the impression of an irregular heat generation or heat absorption on the improvement of heat transfer of Williamson hybrid nanoparticles composed of water-based Ag and MgO over a porous surface that is shrinking and stretching. The assisting and opposing flows are also provoked. The non-linear model based on differential equations is derived and numerically handled via a bvp4c process based on some reasonable assumptions. In an appropriate region of mixed convection, mass transpiration velocity, and shrinking surface characteristics, two dissimilar branch outcomes are discovered with the change of the influential parameters. In addition, the analysis of the temporal stability to moderate disruptions is executed on these multiple solutions. It is also discovered that whereas the lower solution is unstable with negative lowest eigenvalues, the upper solution is stable and essentially realistic. In addition, the friction factor and the rate of heat transfer rose by nearly 0.129% and 0.039% for the upper branch solution for superior nanoparticle volume fraction, respectively, and decreases by nearly 0.101% and 0.044% for the lower branch solution. Moreover, the outlines of temperature escalates due to the heat source and decelerates due to the heat sink. Finally, the present fallouts are assessed with the prior findings in a specific case to demonstrate the correctness of the existing technique. This study has a wide range of intriguing applications like heating and cooling systems, geothermal energy plants, aerodynamics, and the manufacture of gate disc valves, etc.