Abstract
The stability of long unsupported tunnel excavated in normally consolidated (NC) and heavily over consolidated (HOC) saturated clay under undrained condition has been assessed. The analysis was performed using finite element formulation of lower bound limit analysis in conjunction with second order cone programming. The influence of both anisotropy and non-homogeneity in undrained shear strength of NC clay and only anisotropy in undrained shear strength of HOC clay was examined. A dimensionless stability factor is defined to assess the tunnel stability in terms of self weight and undrained shear strength of soil mass, and tunnel cover. The variation of stability factor as a function of anisotropic and non-homogeneous strength parameters of soil, surcharge on the ground surface and tunnel cover was established. The anisotropy and non-homogeneity in undrained strength of clay have been found to have significant effect on the stability of tunnels. With reduction in the values of anisotropic and non-homogeneous strength parameters, the magnitude of stability factor decreases.
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