Stability of spring barley varieties to loose smut

Abstract

The purpose of research is to justify the possibility of varieties and lines of the spring barley world collection using in the selection when creating new high-yielding and resistant to stress factors varieties. Spring barley is early maturing and plastic crop. The research was carried out in 2013-2014 in the fields of the laboratory of selection and grain forage seeds production FSBI «Volga NIISS» 77 26 varieties and lines of the world collection native (origin - Samara, Belgorod, Moscow, Rostov, Saratov, Volgograd, Orenburg, Tambov, Omsk and Chelyabinsk regions, the Altai territory, the Krasnodar territory) and foreign (origin - USA, Canada, Germany, Austria, France, Denmark, Hungary, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan) selection. The object of study - spring barley, the subject of the research - the loose smut of barley (Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw.). In 2013, the head smut of barley was observed on the varieties of Kinelskij 61 and Zemlyak, in 2014 the disease was met at the hulless varieties of Omskij baregrain 2 and Zernogradskij 35. The prevalence rate amounted to 1.0%. The loose smut affects the growth and development of barley plants. Thus, affected plants in the study years decreased height (3.6-14.4 percent), length of main spike (22.6-44.4 per cent), the total number of shoots (16.7-50.0%) and the number of productive shoots (13.0-44.4 percent). The prevalence of the disease on average in 2013-2014 was 0.5%, it is a direct loss, so the yield of the studied cultivars decreased by 0.13 t/ha (variety Kinelskij 61), of 0.16 t/ha (variety Zemlyak), of 0.07 kg/ha (cultivar Omskij baregrain 2), 0.17 t/ha (cultivar Zernogradskiy 35). Varieties Kinelskij 61, Zemlyak, Omskij baregrain 2, Zernogradskiy 35 have practical resistance to loose smut. Varieties Submedikum 2149/02, Povolzhskij 22, Nutans 553, Margret, Ilek 16 combined field resistance to loose smut with high efficiency.