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Abstract
An arc drawn between separating contacts is known to be very unstable, in the absence of oxygen, in the usual power circuit. To study this instability experiments have been made in which a four-ampere arc in a 125-volt dc resistive circuit was repeatedly restruck between separating contacts. Various metals were used as cathodes, with spectroscopically pure carbons as anodes, in various gases.Data have been obtained showing the dependence of average arc duration after ignition on the cathode material and on the pressure and kind of surrounding atmosphere for a number of metals in oxygen, hydrogen, and helium. Oxygen exhibits an extraordinary stabilizing influence for most metals, whereas in hydrogen the mean life of the arc is generally less than ten milliseconds even at atmospheric pressure.
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