Abstract
A hemispherical barotropic model of global-scale atmospheric motions is studied in a planar approximation using three K0 (Bessel) vortices of equal strength γ and length scale κ−1 to represent the subtropical semipermanent high pressure systems. In equilibrium these anticyclonic vortices are equally spaced on a latitude circle of radius a. One K0 vortex of strength γ0 is used to simulate the polar (cyclonic) vortex; γ0 is chosen so that the equilibrium configuration remains stationary with respect to the rotating earth. Over the range of the length parameter 0⩽κa⩽5, two distinct stable regimes are found: (1) a ’’soft’’-vortex regime, 0?κa<κcr⋅a=1.44763516... and (2) a ’’hard’’-vortex (climatological) regime, κ≳κcr. The nonlinear part of this stability investigation has been carried out mainly by numerical computation.
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