Abstract
A series of parametric studies were performed to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) effect on the stability of an earth–rockfill dam, with respect to some major factors, such as geometrical characteristics of the dam and topography of the canyon. The length–height ratio of the earth–rockfill dam clearly influences the 3D safety factor. A power function suitably expresses the relationship between the increment ratio for the safety factor and the length–height ratio. The canyon shape, gradient of dam slope and height of the dam significantly influence the 3D effect. The results may be used as a blueprint by combining the two-dimensional (2D) safety factor in common use, and the relationship between 2D and 3D safety factors established in this study.
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