Abstract
Objective:This study was considered to explore the possible impacts of drinking water quality from different sources on the bioavailability of doxycycline.Materials and Methods:Sixty-four tap and ground drinking water samples collected from poultry farms were scrutinized for their water quality limits (TH, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, Cl−, Ca+2, Na+, and Mg+2) and heavy metals concentrations (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ni). An in vitro study was conducted by adding the therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline to all tested water samples, and allowed to interact for 1 h, 3 h, 5 h, and 8 h followed by re-estimation of doxycycline concentrations after each contact time using thin layer chromatography.Results:The therapeutic concentration of doxycycline was decreased in tap water samples by 1.92%, 9.63%, 22.42%, and 30.83% for the aforementioned contact times, respectively, while the corresponding reduction percentages in ground water samples were 2.14%, 17.14%, 28.57%, and 40.09%. However, the control samples had never showed any recorded decrease in their doxycycline concentrations overall contact times. All measured concentrations of doxycycline were significantly lower in tap and ground water than those of control at all times of contact. Both pH, Mg+2 showed significant positive correlations with decreasing values of doxycycline in water.Conclusion:Different drinking water sources reduce the concentrations of doxycycline in vitro in a time dependent manner, which can be attributed to their different physico-chemical parameters, i.e., pH and Mg+2 ions. This emphasizes the role of water quality on the stability of antibiotics concentrations administrated via drinking water.
Highlights
Antibiotics are administrated to different poultry species for controlling multiple infectious and dangerous diseases, improve food conversion rate, and to haste the bird growth [1,2]
Concerning heavy metals, iron was recorded in higher values in groundwater samples, while both Cu and Zn were recorded in higher values in tap water samples with no statistical significance
The outcomes of this work revealed that different sources of water had different chemistry that possibly affects on the stability of antibiotic
Summary
Antibiotics are administrated to different poultry species for controlling multiple infectious and dangerous diseases, improve food conversion rate, and to haste the bird growth [1,2]. Various classes of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines (TC) are commonly used in veterinary medicine especially in poultry farms [3] Doxycycline is a member of the important semisynthetic TC, it referred as “typical tetracycline.”. It exhibits bacteriostatic action by means of interacting with bacterial ribosomes and inhibits a miscellany of discrete phases in cellular synthesis of protein [4,5,6]. Water is one of the superlative, common, and economic applied methods for giving antibiotics to different types of birds. Administration of antibiotics via drinking water has few disadvantages related to water quality, for examples, to be salubrious, with neutral pH level and appropriate hardness value besides the physicochemical possessions of medicament, including their degree of solubility in water, and combination with multiplicity of free ions that present in water forming new complexes [8]
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