Stability of a two-layer binary-fluid system with a diffuse interface

Abstract

The phase separation of a binary fluid can lead to the creation of two horizontal fluid layers with different concentrations resting on a solid substrate and divided by a diffuse interface. In the framework of the Cahn–Hilliard equation, it is shown analytically and numerically that such a layered system is subject to a transverse instability that generates a slowly coarsening multidomain structure. The influence of gravity, solutocapillary effect at the free boundary, and Korteweg stresses inside the diffuse interface on the stability of the layers is studied using the coupled system of the hydrodynamic equations and the nonlinear equation for the concentration (H model). The parameter regions of long-wave instabilities are found.