Abstract
By using an axisymmetric lower bound finite element limit analysis formulation, the stability numbers ( γH/ c) for an unsupported vertical circular excavation in a cohesive–frictional soil have been generated. The numerical results are obtained for values of normalized excavation height ( H/ b) and friction angle ( ϕ) greater than those considered previously in the literature. The results compare well with those available in literature. The stability numbers presented in this note would be beneficial from a design point of view.
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