Stability ladder of various HC2N conformers and their excitation energies

Abstract

The molecular structure of various stationary points of HC2N has been studied using the quadratic configuration interaction including single and double substitutions with triples contributions (QCISD(T)). A Huzinaga–Dunning double-zeta plus polarization (D95**) basis set was used. A stability ladder of these species is calculated using the configuration interaction including single and double substitutions (SDCI) with the Davidson correction (SDCI+Q). The general contraction scheme of the [5s3p2d1f(C and N)/3s2p1d(H)] atomic natural orbital basis set was chosen. The natural orbitals obtained in the preceding complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were applied to the open-shell SDCI. The triplet cyanomethylene is bent, and the barrier to linearity is 1.4 kcal/mol at the single-reference SDCI+Q level of theory in accord with the Schaefer and Roos’ values (0.8–1.0 kcal/mol). The nine-reference SDCI+Q calculation increases the energy separation by 0.7 kcal/mol. The thermal energy change between the two (1 and 2) including the calculated zero-point vibrational energies is 1.4 kcal/mol. The enthalpy barrier (ΔH≠) to linearize 1 to transition state 2 in a (hypothetical) reaction is predicted to be 0.0 kcal/mol using the single-reference SDCI+Q bent-linear energy separation. As a result, experiments might find no barrier to inversion of bent triplet 1. The most stable singlet species 6 (ring form of HC2N) lies 7.7 kcal/mol above the triplet bent cyanomethylene. Vertical excitation energies from the ground-state (3A″) of triplet bent cyanomethylene to 1A′ and 1A″ are studied using the CASSCF and SDCI methods; the SDCI+Q energies are 0.93 and 1.11 eV, respectively. These excitation energies are compared with those in the methylene and oxygen molecules having a qualitatively similar electronic structure to the present HCCN species, where two electrons occupy near-degenerate π-like (or degenerate π) highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) forming a triplet ground-state. The excitation energies of 0.93 and 1.11 eV are close to the relative energies of the 3, 8, and 9 to the most stable triplet bent cyanomethylene.