Stability, Applications and Computational Studies of Thermophilic DNA Polymerase

Abstract

Extremophiles are organisms that have evolved to survive in extreme conditions of heat, acidity, pressure, and cold that would be fatal to most other life forms. The enzymes secreted by extremophiles, termed “extremozymes,” that allow them to function in such forbidding environments are of great interest to medical and biotechnical researchers. Extremophiles are classified according to the conditions into many but here mainly focused are Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles. Thermostable DNA polymerases are mainly focused here. DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule. Thermostable DNA polymerases are heat-resistant, template-dependent enzymes that add free nucleotides to the 3'-end of a newly synthesized complementary DNA strand which are used for the polymerase chain reaction and related methods for the amplification and modification of DNA. Genome and proteome experiments are carried out for the stability of proteins but they are time-consuming, so Bioinformatics tools and methods are carried out for the same.