Abstract
Abstract Initially this paper summarizes the major results of a recent state-of the-art review of Norwegian subsea tunnels. The review primarily concentrated on assessing the reliability of pre-investigations in predicting tunnelling conditions, and the longterm behaviour of rock support materials. Key data from completed Norwegian projects are used as a basis for discussing the optimum rock cover for subsea tunnels. A comparison with some major subsea projects in other countries is included. Cases of instability and cave-in are documented. For most Norwegian subsea tunnel projects, the rock cover appears to be relatively conservative; however, experience from some of the projects indicates that this apparent conservatism may be a good investment.
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