Stability analysis of a charged black hole with a nonlinear complex scalar field

Abstract

It has been shown recently that the charged black hole can be scalarized if Maxwell field minimally couples with a complex scalar which has nonnegative nonlinear potential. We firstly prove that such scalarization cannot be a result of continuous phase transition for general scalar potential. Furthermore, we numerically find that it is possible that the RN black hole will be scalarized by a first order phase transition spontaneously and extreme RN black hole is not stable in micro-canonical ensemble. In addition, considering a massless scalar perturbation, we compute the quasi-normal modes of the scalarized charged black hole and the results imply that the spontaneously scalarized charged black hole is not only favored in thermodynamics but also is kinetically stable against scalar perturbation at linear level. Our numerical results also definitely gives negative answer to Penrose-Gibbons conjecture and two new versions of Penrose inequality in charged case are suggested.