Abstract
In recent years tall slender buildings and slender building components have necessitated new methods of analyzing stability problems. During the past 5 yr second-order analyses or PΔ analyses have been extensively examined in the literature. This paper reviews the recent developments in this field and presents several methods in which design engineers can include PΔ moments in their analyses. The first part of the paper reviews methods currently available for carrying out second-order analyses and the second deals with the application of such analyses in the design of reinforced concrete buildings considering stability. It reviews procedures to determine when second-order analyses are required, recommends stiffness values for use in the analysis of concrete frames, and presents the steps necessary in design oriented second-order analyses.
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