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Abstract
ABSTRACT Within the framework of the kinematic approach of yield design theory, a new 3D failure mechanism, in the shape of a rhinoceros horn and based on logarithmic-spirals, is presented for the stability analysis of the tunnel face in cohesive-frictional material. The model leads to a kinematic bound, on the unsafe side, of the critical face pressure which appears better (thus safer) than existing solutions. The case of shallow tunnels is examined. The critical face pressure estimates are very close to 3D numerical results, obtained by finite difference displacement method, and the optimized critical mechanism compares remarkably well with experimental and numerical observations.
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