Abstract
Abstract The development of political citizenship in the Dutch East-Indies in the nineteenth century This article aims to analyze the political inequality between Dutch subjects in the Dutch East-Indies and the Netherlands based on developments in nineteenth century national citizenship debates and legislation. It argues that the juridization of the idea of political citizenship by J.R. Thorbecke in the 1840s and 1850s, led to the exclusion of the indigenous colonial population on the basis of descent (ius sanguinis). A close inspection of this principle shows how it was legitimized and implemented for the colonial territories on the basis of a ‘Dutch and European civilization criterion’ under which a series of other criteria – such as religion, skin color, education – could be used for political, cultural and economic exclusion. The ‘colonial differences’ that were gradually enshrined in legislation surrounding political citizenship in the nineteenth century would create a new layer of colonial hierarchy in the Dutch East-Indies.
Highlights
The development of political citizenship in the Dutch East-Indies in the nineteenth century This article aims to analyze the political inequality between Dutch subjects in the Dutch East-Indies and the Netherlands based on developments in nineteenth century national citizenship debates and legislation
It argues that the juridization of the idea of political citizenship by J.R
The ‘colonial differences’ that were gradually enshrined in legislation surrounding political citizenship in the nineteenth century would create a new layer of colonial hierarchy in the Dutch East-Indies
Summary
De term ‘inlander’ had een andere juridische connotatie dan ‘inheems’. Deze termen zijn dan ook niet inwisselbaar. De vraag luidt met andere woorden: wat was uiteindelijk de politieke betekenis van de moderne Thorbeckiaanse opvatting van staatsburgerschap voor de hiërarchie tussen burgers en onderdanen in Nederlands-Indië zoals deze in de negentiende eeuw vorm kreeg? Alleen door de ideeën over en uitwerkingen van het burgerschap in relatie tot de koloniale verhoudingen in hun historische ontwikkeling te volgen en te analyseren, kan een antwoord op deze vraag worden gegeven. Dit artikel neemt voor de beantwoording hiervan een lange aanloop en begint met een analyse van het koloniale debat uit de vroege negentiende eeuw, omdat hier de verscheidende aspecten die later het burgerschap zouden construeren al aan bod komen. De oorzaken die aan deze uitsluiting ten grondslag liggen, vinden we in de politieke debatten uit de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw. Verzameling van het verhandelde in de beide Kamers der Staten-Generaal, met betrekking tot de bezittingen van koloniën van het Rijk over de jaren 1814-1865 IV, 256
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