Séroprévalence des marqueurs de l’infection chez les donneurs de sang à Niamey (Niger)

Abstract

BackgroundThe study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and syphilis among blood donors in Niamey (Niger). The association between seroprevalence of ITT markers and sociodemographic characteristics of blood donors was investigated. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 among 3213 blood donors. Data were collected from a pre-donation questionnaire and from laboratory tests results. ResultsThe male/female ratio was 4/1. Up to 18.1% of donations had at least one positive marker, in which 2.7% presented a positive test for two or more agents. A seroprevalence of 1.62% (95%CI: 1.21–2.12) was associated with HIV, 15.4% (13.9–16.7) with HBV, 1.18% (0.84–1.62) with HCV, and 0.47% (0.26–0.77) for blood samples reacted with RPR test for syphilis. The HIV seroprevalence was two-fold higher in family than in volunteer donors (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.24–3.73). It was also higher in Rhesus D negative donors (OR=2.40, 95%CI: 1.11–5.17). The hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence was significantly higher in males than females (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.39–2.45) and in first time than in regular donors (P<0.0001). The HCV seroprevalence was significantly higher in male donors (OR=4.41, 95%CI: 1.06–18.4) and in donors from rural areas (OR=4.09, 95%CI: 1.42–11.8). Syphilis marker was significantly associated with the marital status (higher seroprevalence in divorced donors, P=0.0085). ConclusionPrevalence of TTI markers is high and national strategies for safe blood transfusion have to be strengthened. It is essential to recruit and maintain more volunteer donors, while females should be encouraged to donate blood.