Abstract
Climate change induced higher temperatures will increase crops’ water requirements. Every 10°C increase in mean temperature, results in 7% decline in the yield of rice crop. Hence, there is a need to develop water saving technologies in rice which consumes more than 50% of the total irrigation water in agriculture. System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is one such water saving rice production technology. Experiments were conducted at different locations in India including research farm of Directorate of Rice Research (DRR), Hyderabad, during 2005-10 to assess the potential of SRI in comparison to normal transplanting/Standard Planting (NTP/SP) under flooded condition. SRI recorded higher grain yield (6 to 65% over NTP) at majority of locations. Long term studies clearly indicated that grain yield was significantly higher (12-23% and 4-35% over NTP in Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively) in SRI (with organic+ inorganic fertilizers) while the SRI (with100% organic manures), recorded higher yield (4-34%) over NTP only in the Rabi seasons. Even though, SRI resulted in higher productivity, the available nutrient status in soil was marginally higher (10, 42 and 13% over NTP for N, P and K, respectively) at the end of four seasons. There was a reduction in the incidence of pests in SRI and the relative abundance of plant parasitic nematodes was low in SRI as compared to the NTP. About 31% and 37% saving in irrigation water was observed during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively in both methods of SRI cultivation over NTP. SRI performed well and consistently reduced requirement of inputs such as seed and water in different soil conditions. SRI method, using less water for rice production can help in overcoming water shortage
Highlights
Rice is the staple food for 65% population of India
The results of multi location trials (MLTs) clearly indicated that the performance of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) varied from location to location indicating that response of SRI is location specific
The mean grain yield increase in SRI method was in the range of 6 to 65% as compared to Normal transplanting (NTP) (Table 3)
Summary
Rice is the staple food for 65% population of India. The demand for rice is expected to rise due to increase in population increase (1.6% year-1) and reduction in area under rice cultivation in 15-20 years. Future rice production depends on how we improve the water use efficiency of the rice crop. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), Aerobic rice, Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are some of the alternative technologies that reduce the requirements of water. The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been promoted for more than a decade as a set of agronomic management practices for rice cultivation that enhances the yield and reduces water requirements [3]. The information on long term effects of organic nutrient application in different methods of rice production (SRI and Normal Transplanting) with regard to water productivity and sustainable rice production under different soil and climatic conditions under India is very meager. Present investigations were carried out to assess SRI-as sustainable intensification of rice production system for enhancing the water productivity
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