Src family kinases, HCK and FGR, associate with local inflammation and tumour progression in colorectal cancer

Abstract

BackgroundIn colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory responses have been reported to associate with patient survival. However, the specific signalling pathways responsible for regulating inflammatory responses are not clear. Src family kinases (SFKs) impact tumourigenic processes, including inflammation. MethodsThe relationship between SFK expression, inflammatory responses and cancer specific survival (CSS) in stage I-III CRC patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry on a 272 patient discovery cohort and an extended 822 patient validation cohort. ResultsIn the discovery cohort, cytoplasmic FGR associated with improved CSS (P = 0.019), with membrane HCK (p = 0.093) trending towards poorer CSS. In the validation cohort membrane FGR (p = 0.016), membrane HCK (p = 0.019), and cytoplasmic HCK (p = 0.030) all associated with poorer CSS. Both markers also associated with decreased proliferation and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, cytoplasmic HCK was an independent prognostic marker compared to common clinical factors. To assess synergy a combine FGR + HCK score was assessed. The membrane FGR + HCK score strengthened associations with poor prognosis (p = 0.006), decreased proliferation (p < 0.001) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p < 0.001). ConclusionsSFKs associate with prognosis and the local inflammatory response in patients with stage I-III CRC. Active membrane FGR and HCK work in parallel to promote tumour progression and down-regulation of the local inflammatory lymphocytic response.