Abstract
Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) devices are the most sensitive detectors for magnetic flux currently known that have vectorial properties and have a relatively wide frequency band. The two main versions of the SQUID are the dc SQUID and the rf SQUID. This chapter details some basic theory describing the SQUIDs focused on the dc version. It deals with materials, device and system aspects. The Josephson junctions of the SQUID consist of two weakly coupled superconductors, often in the form of thin films. In standard Nb fabrication process, a very thin insulation barrier material sandwiched between the two superconducting films realizes the weak coupling. Various material combinations have been tried for the fabrication of reliable Josephson junctions. Superconducting electrodes consisting of Pb or Sn were used. The superconducting loop of the SQUID is commonly a square washer shape. The washer design allows a spiral input coil to be put on top.
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