Squeezing flow of aqueous CNTs-Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluid through mass-based approach: Effect of heat source/sink, nanoparticle shape, and an oblique magnetic field

Abstract

Here, the squeezing unsteady 2-dimensional incompressible hybrid nanofluid flow between two collateral sheets has been investigated numerically, considering the influences of magnetic field and the mutable thermal conductivity. The solid-particles are the magnetite (Fe3O4) and the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inserted in the base liquid (water). To give a complete development investigation of the present problem, the influences of a heat source/sink have also been analyzed. The technique used is pursuant to the Tiwari-Das nanofluid method which nanoparticle weights are considered instead of the volumetric concentration of the solid-particles. At first, the controlling dimensional PDEs, including continuity, momentum conservation, and energy conservation, are changed to a non-dimensional ODEs system applying adequate similarity reduction. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RK4) approach and shooting procedure is utilized to solve nonlinear ODEs system numerically. The impression of the controlling parameters on the temperature and velocity of working fluid as well as the Nusselt number, and the skin friction has been studied and analyzed. The mass-based manner gives trustable results for the flow and heat transfer analysis in the presence heat generation source and also an oblique magnetic ground. The results demonstrate that the entity of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and the oblique magnetic ground reduces heat transfer. Furthermore, the greatest temperature distribution was related to spherical solid-particles in the presence of a horizontal magnetic ground.