Abstract
An important class of VLSI computational structures is represented by the square-root circuits. Usually implemented using a translinear loop, they exploit the squaring characteristic of MOS transistors biased in saturation region. The square-root circuits find a lot of applications in analog signal processing, such as square-root domain filters, Euclidean distance circuits, vector summation structures or real time image processing circuits. The presented design techniques are based on five different elementary mathematical principles, each of them being illustrated by concrete implementations in CMOS technology of their functional relations.
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