Abstract
The urinary bladder is usually greatly distended by the presence of a large tumor mass. The bladder wall is sometimes irregularly depressed at the base of the tumor as a result of invasion. Squamous cell carcinoma often invades perivesicular tissues and metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. However, distant metastasis or dissemination into the peritoneal cavity is infrequent. On the mucosal side, tumors usually grow exophytically to form solid, sessile solitary or sometimes multiple large tumor masses. Rarely, pedunculated, papillary growth may be seen grossly in parts of squamous cell carcinomas. These tumors are generally white, with areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, or superficial ulceration. They may cause hematuria.
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