SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE LIP IN FANCONI ANEMIA: CASE REPORT

Abstract

Fanconi anemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chromosome instability and increased predisposition to malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia and head and neck solid tumors. A 19-year-old male patient diagnosed with Fanconi anemia at 8 years old who underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at the age of 13 developed oral lichenoid lesions, erythroplakia, and ulcers, compatible with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The lesions were followed up by means of clinical and cytologic evaluations for 9 years. A whitish plaque on the lower lip evolved in size and to an exophytic and ulcerated lesion. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histological analysis was compatible with squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by surgery with wide margins and cervical lymphadenectomy. Patients with Fanconi anemia, whether undergoing HSCT, must be closely monitored for oral malignancies, particularly when oral cGVHD lesions develop.