Abstract
IntroductionThe improvement of vascular health in the exercising limb can be attained by sprint interval training (SIT). However, the effects on systemic vascular function and on circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) which may contribute to endothelial repair have not been investigated. Additionally, a comparison between SIT and sprint continuous training (SCT) which is less time committing has not been made.Methods12 women (22±2 yrs) completed 12 sessions of either SIT (n = 6) or work-matched SCT (n = 6) on 3 days/week. Pre and post-training assessments included brachial artery endothelial function and peripheral blood analysis for CAC number (CD34+/CD34+CD45dim). CAC function was measured by migration and adhesion assays. Cardio-respiratory fitness, carotid arterial stiffness and carotid-radial and brachial-foot pulse wave velocity (PWV) were also evaluated.ResultsCD34+ CACs increased following training in both groups but CD34+CD45dim did not (Pre CD34+: 40±21/105 leukocytes, Post CD34+: 56±24/105 leukocytes, main time effect p<0.05). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) increased following SIT but SCT had no effect (Pre SIT: 5.0±3.4%, Post SIT: 5.9±3.0%, Pre SCT: 7.2±2.7%, Post SCT: 6.5±2.9%; group x time interaction p = 0.08). increased in both training groups (Pre: 34.6±4.6 ml•kg•ml−1, Post: 36.9±5.4 ml•kg•ml−1, main time effect p<0.05). CAC function, carotid arterial stiffness and PWV did not change after training (p>0.05).DiscussionSCT involving little time commitment is comparable to SIT in increasing CD34+ cell number and . An increased mobilisation of CD34+ CACs suggests that sprint training may be an effective method to enhance vascular repair.
Highlights
The improvement of vascular health in the exercising limb can be attained by sprint interval training (SIT)
The mobilisation and function of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are impaired in patients with Cardiovascular disease (CVD) [10] with low numbers of CD34+ CAC associated with an increased CVD risk [11]
Improved CAC mobilisation and function [12,13,14] and enhanced endothelial function in central and peripheral arteries can be achieved through exercise [15,16] exercise training offers a method for endothelial repair and CVD risk reduction
Summary
The improvement of vascular health in the exercising limb can be attained by sprint interval training (SIT). The effects on systemic vascular function and on circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) which may contribute to endothelial repair have not been investigated. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a key component in the development of CVD, is initiated by endothelial dysfunction [2] This dysfunction is thought to indicate reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, a factor present in atherosclerotic vessels before vascular structural changes occur [3]. A potential method to sustain healthy endothelial function involves the mobilisation of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). Improved CAC mobilisation and function [12,13,14] and enhanced endothelial function in central and peripheral arteries can be achieved through exercise [15,16] exercise training offers a method for endothelial repair and CVD risk reduction
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