Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, water-saving irrigation is the primary mode of local agricultural production. Since the chemical fertilizer is the principal source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, we present results from a two-year (2016–2017) field experiment on a potato field to verify the general influence of water-saving irrigation on N2O emissions. A split-plot experiment was established with two irrigation systems and two fertilizer treatments, which give a total of four treatments. Two different irrigation systems were investigated: (i) flood irrigation with nitrogen fertilizer (NF-FI) combined with a control without any fertilizer (C-FI) and (ii) overhead sprinkler irrigation with a nitrogen fertilizer (NF-SI) accompanied with a control without any fertilizer (C-SI). The N2O emissions of the fertilizer treatment were greater than those of the control under each irrigation system. In plots where the fertilizers were applied, using overhead sprinkler irrigation reduced the average cumulative N2O emissions between 40.72% and 59.65% compared with flood irrigation. This was mainly due to the lower amount of water applied and the lower availability of NO3−-N and NH4+-N of soil associated with an overhead sprinkler irrigation. This work shows that the overhead sprinkler irrigation is an effective strategy to use to save water and mitigate emissions of the atmospheric pollutants N2O in comparison to flood irrigation.
Highlights
IntroductionFrom 2007 to 2011, the Nitrous oxide (N2 O) concentration in the atmosphere had increased linearly at an annual rate of 6% [1]
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is one of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Especially from 2007 to 2011, the N2 O concentration in the atmosphere had increased linearly at an annual rate of 6% [1]
There was no significant difference in the total rainfall in the crop atmospheric temperature showed a consistent change trend from May to September in both 2016 growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 (p > 0.05), which were 196.6 mm and 198.8 mm, respectively
Summary
From 2007 to 2011, the N2 O concentration in the atmosphere had increased linearly at an annual rate of 6% [1]. The amount of water used and its distribution in the soil influences moisture temporally and spatially [5]. Irrigation practices can have a significant impact on nitrogen cycles in the soil such as the amount of N transport, N mineralization, and other processes, such as NO3 − -N leaching, within the soil. The changes in the differences in nitrogen cycles affect the temporal and spatial distribution for various forms of nitrogen in the soil and the formation of N2 O. The different soil conditions of different irrigated crops greatly affect soil microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, which control N2 O production in soils [6,7]
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