Abstract

The time of 'the onset of spring', viz. of favourable weather conditions and of vegetational development, does not seem to be more predictable at high latitudes than at low (data analysed from Norway), and thus cannot be used to explain the phenomenon of leap-frog migration in birds, i.e. it cannot explain why birds which breed in northern areas do not over-winter nearby as their more southern relatives do. When evaluating over-wintering and migration strategies in birds the basic points in comparison of different latitudinal areas are not only the phenological and climate predictability, but also the factors of competition and predation in the breeding areas, and the problem of building up enough resources to meet environmental stresses during the arrival and breeding.

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