Abstract
Ionograms for six arctic stations have been scaled and analyzed. The diurnal variation of frequency spreading, range spreading, spread-F type, spread-F index, foF2, and fxF2 have been determined. Over the Canadian Archipelago spread F occurs throughout the 24-hour period on a magnetically quiet day, even though the F region is illuminated. Differences are found between day and night. The diurnal variation of the severity of spread F can best be followed by means of the type of spread F and its index.
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