Abstract
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and imaging methods have been widely applied to noninvasive detection of brain activity. We have designed and implemented a low cost, portable, real-time one-channel time-resolved DOS system for neuroscience studies. Phantom experiments were carried out to test the performance of the system. We further conducted preliminary human experiments and demonstrated that enhanced sensitivity in detecting neural activity in the cortex could be achieved by the use of late arriving photons.
Highlights
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) has become increasingly popular in neurosciences as it can provide real-time information about neurovascular coupling in the human brain.[3,4,5]
A time domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system based on the spread spectrum method was proposed.[39,40,41,42]
We further demonstrate that such a lowcost system can provide the high performance needed for in vivo monitoring of human brain activity
Summary
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) can probe hemodynamic changes in large human organs due to the large penetration depth of near-infrared photons in biological tissues.[1,2] Recently, DOS has become increasingly popular in neurosciences as it can provide real-time information about neurovascular coupling in the human brain.[3,4,5] it can be used alone or in combination with other functional imaging modalities, such as electroencephalogram[6,7,8,9,10,11,12] and functional magnetic resonance imaging[13,14,15,16,17,18,19] to investigate brain function. The sensitivity in detecting the signal from the deep layers is limited for the CW method.[33,34,35] To improve the depth sensitivity, CW domain systems usually resort to multidistance measurements with a number of source-detector pairs. The conventional TD systems are usually bulky, slow, expensive, complicated, and less scalable to increase the number of source detector pairs.[38] To overcome these issues, a time domain DOT system based on the spread spectrum method was proposed.[39,40,41,42] Spread spectrum techniques are used in communication systems for secure and high fidelity communication and have many advantages such as low-error rate, interference rejection, and selective addressing capability. We further demonstrate that such a lowcost system can provide the high performance needed for in vivo monitoring of human brain activity
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