Abstract
Bivalves are filter-feeding animals and markers of bacterial pollution. We report a massive spread of blaCTX-M-15 through dominant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages and/or plasmid subtypes (F31:A4:B1) as well as the presence of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 2 (ST2) in seafood, highlighting a direct risk for the consumer. These findings should urge authorities to consider hospital effluents, and also farm and urban effluents, as important sources of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)/carbapenemase producers that filter-feeding animals can concentrate and further spread to humans.
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