Spread of alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria-haff disease (literature review)

L.A Glazunova,Y.V Glazunov,A.A Yurchenko,E.M Gagarin,A.R Musina,S Knyazev,O Panfilova,M Tsoy,O Loretts,V Kukhar

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202125409002

Abstract

In 1924, Haff disease was first detected in East Prussia. Till now, cases of Haff disease have been recorded in Sweden, Russia, the United States, China, Brazil, Japan, and China among people and animals. During the last 40 years, there has been a significant expansion in the geographical range of Haff disease. From 1924 to 2019, 31 outbreaks were recorded in various parts of the world. The total number of victims was about 3,000 people. In Russia, the last cases of human disease were registered in 2019-2020. In fact, the source of the toxin is fish (crucian carp, carp, pike, burbot, walleye, perch, ruff, ide, yellowtail, black sea bass, eel, silver dollar, brown paku, red paku, cowfish, etc.) or crayfish. Today, the problem of the disease etiology has not been solved; the toxin with the corresponding features has not been isolated, and as a result, causal and pathogenetic treatment of alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria has not been developed. Over this period, several hypotheses were made that are leading in the study of the etiology of the occurrence of Haff disease (thiaminase theory, tannic, arachidonic). This disease-causing substance is known to be heat-resistant and break down the metabolism of skeletal muscles, resulting in the release of myoglobin, which disorders kidney function. It has also been found that toxic substances themselves gradually resolve from the fish, according to its diet (depending on what prevails - plankton, zooplankton or larvae, mollusks, crustaceans). For finding out the origin of the disease, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research by biologists, hydrologists, doctors, and veterinarians.

Highlights

Haff disease or alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria (ATPM) is an acute rare disease of uncertain etiology occurring sporadically among fish, some carnivorous animals, birds, and human beings
This disease was identified in the summer and autumn of 1924 in the population who consumed fish from the Frisches Haff Bay of the Baltic Sea (East Prussia, the Vistula Lagoon in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation)
Epidemiological studies have revealed that patients with Haff disease ate boiled fish, including pike, eel, and walleye, within 24 hours before the onset of the disease

Summary

Introduction

Haff disease or alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria (ATPM) is an acute rare disease of uncertain etiology occurring sporadically among fish (crucian carp, carp, pike, burbot, walleye, perch, ruff, ide, etc.), some carnivorous animals, birds, and human beings. Further outbreaks similar to Haff disease have been reported in Sweden, Russia, the United States, China, Brazil, and Japan. In early April 1943, there was another case of poisoning similar to the symptoms of Haff disease.

Results

Conclusion