SPREAD AND HARMFULNESS OF THE THRIPS TABACI LIND IN APPLE PLANTATIONS OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

Abstract

The results of daily phytosanitary monitoring of fruit plantations and literature data on biology, ecology, harmfulness of tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) are presented. In the apple agrocenoses of the Kuban and Black Sea zones of Krasnodar Territory, an increase in the harmfulness of representatives of the order Thysanoptera is observed. An increase in the number of tobacco thrips was noted, which led to a decrease in the quality of fruits. In the growing season of 2018, isolated symptoms of fruit damage by phytophagous were noted, in the growing season of 2019, fruit damage reached up to 2 %, in 2020 — 5-30 %. It was revealed that during the flowering period the number of T. tabaci Lind was 1-2 specimens per inflorescence; at the end of flowering, the amount of the pest increased by 5 times. High temperatures and lack of precipitation led to an outbreak of the pest population; in the first decade of June, 15 to 40 individuals were fixed per leaf. A high degree of damage to the tops of shoots, leaves and fruits was observed, the tissue in the feeding places of the pest was deformed, discolored, acquiring the appearance of whitish spots, which grew during the growth and ripening of fruits. It is known that the intensive development of thrips takes place in dry and hot years; the optimum temperature for the development of T. tabaci Lind is +25 °C. As a result of our monitoring, it was revealed that the maximum amount of the pest was observed during the period when high temperatures and low relative air humidity were noted — June and early July. The greatest number of the pest was found in areas bordering the fields of grain and tilled crops, while the number of phytophages at the time of registration reached 45 individuals per leaf and more. It should be noted that when the air temperature rises above +35 °C, the development of the phytophage stops, and the mortality rate of all stages sharply increases. To ensure a stable phytosanitary situation in fruit agrocenoses and prevent loss of fruit quality from damage by thrips, it is necessary to develop a set of measures to control the number of pests.