Spread and antibiotic resistance profile of pathogens isolated from human and hospital wastewater in Ouagadougou

Abstract

Background: The discharge of improperly treated hospital landfill presents an enormous public health risk. In Burkina Faso, the management of hospital’s wastewaters and the current antibiotic susceptibility of clinically relevant isolates need to be determined, because the multi-drug resistant isolates have been previously described in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance profile of isolates circulating in Ouagadougou. Methods: The biochemical characterization of the isolates was carried out by tests from the API 20E test and completed with molecular characterization by simple PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the recommendations of CA-SFM 2019. Results: The hospital wastewaters do not undergo any treatment before been discharged into the environment. A total of 171 presumed isolates of Salmonella spp , Pseudomonas spp ., and Escherichia coli were identified in this study. These isolates derived from environment (n=19) and clinical (n=152). These isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (95.32%), Cefoxitin (72.51%), Ceftazidime (78.94%), Cefepime (80.71%), Tobramycin (59.64%), Gentamicin (42.10%), Nalidixic acid (68.42%), Norfloxacin (59.06%), Ciprofloxacin (56.14%), imipenem (0.00%), Chloramphenicol (26.31%), and Colistin (77.77%). Somewhere else, 46 presumptive Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to Vancomycin (30.43%), Oxacillin (13.04%), Penicillin G (89.13%), Ceftriaxone (15.21%), Cefoxitin (2.73%), Tobramycin (36.95%), Kanamycin (30.43%), Ciprofloxacin (15.21%), Norfloxacin (43.47%), Tetracycline (56.52%), Chloramphenicol (13.04%), and Fosfomycin (2.73%). Conclusion: the hospital wastewaters harbour a variety of pathogens, most of which are resistant to several families of antibiotics.