Abstract
Negative- and positive-ion direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was applied to characterize crude oil and its fractions. Crude oil samples dissolved in toluene were directly infused into a spray needle, which produced a continuous and long-time stable ion current for FT-ICR MS analysis to obtain mass spectra with a broad dynamic range and high signal-to-noise ratio. A comparison between negative-ion electrospray ionization [ESI(−)] and negative-ion DART for crude oil analysis was presented. The DART(−) ionized almost all of the compound classes found in ESI(−), while it exhibited high selectivity on naphthenic acids, which enabled the characterization of naphthenic acids in petroleum with a low total acid number (TAN). The method is suitable for the analysis of naphthenic acids in petroleum distillation cuts, even with a very high boiling point. Sulfides in petroleum were likely oxidized to sulfoxides and exhibite...
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