Abstract
White horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), is a grey-leaved perennial herb, belonging to Lamiaceae family, distributed in Eurasia and northern Africa. Despite the fact that M. vulgare has been used since ancient times in treating diverse diseases, it is only in the last decade or so that scientists have been able to lay the foundation for its potential pharmacological actions from the results observed through the prism of ethnopharmacological use of this species. The novelty of this study was that subcritical water extraction, acknowledged as a powerful extraction technology to recover phenolic compounds, was coupled with spray drying. The subcritical horehound extract, obtained using optimal process parameters, was used as a liquid feed in spray drying. Maltodextrin was used as a carrier in a concentration of 10%. Thus, two M. vulgare powders, carrier-free and 10% MD, were produced. Comprehensive powders characterization was conducted in order to evaluate their quality. Results confirmed that spray drying can be used as a method of choice for obtaining high quality horehound powders which kept the amorphous structure constant after 6 months.
Highlights
The aerial parts and root of Marrubium vulgare L. have been traditionally used in the Mediterranean areas of Europe and North Africa
The optimal spray drying conditions must be satisfied in order to obtain an adequate process efficiency
The wall deposition is created when particles deposit on the surfaces of the inner walls of drying chamber This phenomenon deteriorates the yield of the powder and increase the costs of manufacturing and maintenance [25]
Summary
The aerial parts and root of Marrubium vulgare L. have been traditionally used in the Mediterranean areas of Europe and North Africa. The most studied secondary metabolite, marrubiin, a labdane diterpenoid, was isolated for the first time from M. vulgare leaves [3] The reason why this chemotaxonomic marker was the subject of many studies is due to the fact it possesses several biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant effects [4]. The methanol extract of horehound herba revealed moderate activity when evaluated against five Gram positive bacteria: Bacilus subtilis, Sthapylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus, Pseudomonas vulgaris and Escherichi coli [9]. This plant demonstrated a strong effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts of horehound herba are used as flavouring agents, especially by the brewing industry as a substitute for hops [5], in candies [11], and as an ingredient of cough pastilles [12]
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