Abstract
AbstractA spray gun machine was used to deposit high‐surface‐area supercapacitor electrodes using green non‐toxic aqueous dispersions based on different kinds of high specific surface area nanostructured carbon materials: activated graphene (a‐rGO) and activated carbon (AC). Tuning the spray conditions and dispersion formulation allowed us to achieve good adhesion to stainless‐steel current collectors in combination with high surface area and a satisfactory mechanical stability of the electrodes. The specific surface area of approximately 2000 m2/g was measured directly on a‐rGO and AC electrodes showing only around a 20 % decrease compared to the precursor powder materials. The performance of the electrodes deposited on stainless‐steel and aluminum current collectors was tested in supercapacitor devices using three electrolytes. The electrodes were tested in an “as‐deposited” state and after post‐deposition annealing at 200 °C. The spray deposition method and post‐deposition annealing are completely compatible with roll‐to‐roll industrial production methods. The a‐rGO demonstrated superior performance compared to AC in supercapacitor electrodes with gravimetric capacitance, energy, and power density parameters, which exceed commercially available analogues. The formulation of the dispersions used in this study is environmentally friendly, as it is based on only on water as a solvent and commercially available non‐toxic additives (graphene oxide, fumed silica, and carbon nanotubes).
Highlights
Energy storage is one of the key technological challenges of modern time
The main challenge was to design water based formulations for specific conditions of spray deposition so that supercapacitor electrodes are formed directly after dispersion drying on current collectors
Results presented here provide immediate interest to spray deposition of supercapacitor electrodes based on activated carbon (AC) available in industry scale and provides promising future outlook for using a-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which provides superior performance
Summary
Energy storage is one of the key technological challenges of modern time. Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC), commonly named as supercapacitors, are devices, which store electricity by electrosorption using high specific surface area materials. Honda[1] and Toyota[2] have all experimented supercapacitors to complement the battery in hybrid vehicles.[3] Supercapacitors were demonstrated to provide satisfactory performance to deliver power bursts in experimental fuel cell vehicles,[4,5] and for emergency door opening in the Airbus 380 super jumbo jet.[5] Supercapacitors store less energy compared to batteries (> 5 Wh/Kg), but deliver energy very quickly and to show a very large specific power > 20 kW/Kg (for full packaged device) They can be charged and discharged more than 0.5–1 mln times due to the absence of chemical reactions involved.[6,7]
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