Abstract
This investigation utilized four gasoline direct injection (GDI) injectors with different nozzle lengths and step hole diameters to analyze the influences of nozzle structure on the superheated plume and spray collapse under different superheat degrees. The spray behaviors of were recorded by using high-speed shadowgraphs. In addition, the spray concentration distribution, spray development, and spray swelling characteristics under different superheat conditions were analyzed. The experimental results showed that hole length and step hole diameter affected the widths of the spray plumes, which then affected the spray characteristics. Wider spray plumes enhance plume interactions and promote reduced spray penetration. This causes spray to enter the transition regime at a lower degree of superheat. In addition, the transition regime exhibits better spray characteristics than the subcooled and flare flash boiling regimes. Injector with smaller hole length and larger step hole diameter exhibits stronger adaptability while utilizing the remarkable spray characteristics in the transition regime, owing to the greater length of the spray transition regime.
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