Abstract
The compatibility of spray characteristics of alternative fuel blends, in relation to currently used Jet A-1 fuel, has been assessed experimentally. Tested blends were selected based on a narrow cut of paraffins, mixed with appropriately selected aromatics and naphthenes. Relevant physical properties including the density, viscosity, and surface tension were estimated first. The jet spray was produced using a single fluid, generic nozzle at operating pressures 5–11 bars. The atomization characteristics were assessed through measurements of droplet velocity field and droplet size, using phase Doppler anemometry. The physical properties varied within 10% of the reference fuel values. The spray results indicate that all tested blends produced similar atomized jets and droplet sizes, although observed differences may influence the implementation of combustion schemes which require precise control of the flow pattern.
Highlights
Air travel growth is predicted to continue at five percent per year and the future rate of gains in fuel efficiency is expected to be outpaced by the projected growth in air traffic [1]
The increasing demand for alternative, sustainable fuels in the transport sector is linked to the availability of alternative fuels for gas turbines [3,4,5]
The spray characteristics of alternative fuel blends provided by Shell Global Solutions have been assessed experimentally in relation to currently used Jet A-1 fuel
Summary
Air travel growth is predicted to continue at five percent per year and the future rate of gains in fuel efficiency is expected to be outpaced by the projected growth in air traffic [1]. The aircraft industry will need an increasing amount of fuel and as a consequence, the aviation industry is interested in alternative energy sources and alternative fuels in particular, to assure security of supply. Candidate fuels are expected to positively affect global warming, environmental protection and diversity and sustainability. The increasing demand for alternative, sustainable fuels in the transport sector is linked to the availability of alternative fuels for gas turbines [3,4,5]. The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process offers a solution to this issue, providing synthetic middle distillate fuel components. The FT method or the “anything-To-Liquid” process (xTL) offers a versatile pathway to create synthetic fuels, converting carbon- and energy-containing feedstock to high quality fuels. The connection to the starting material is lost, so FT liquids from any starting material will be essentially the same [6]
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