Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate a regulatory network controlling cardiovascular development. Isl1, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, acts as a key player in multiple organs during embryonic development. Its crucial roles in cardiovascular development have been elucidated by extensive studies, especially as a marker gene for the second heart field progenitors. Here, we summarize the roles of Isl1 in cardiovascular development and function, and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
The heart is the first organ to form during mammalian embryogenesis
The first heart field (FHF) is the source of the early left ventricle (LV) whereas the second heart field (SHF) gives rise to the outflow tract (OFT) and the right ventricle (RV), and both populations contribute to the atria (Evans et al, 2010; Vincent and Buckingham, 2010)
ISL1+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from pluripotent stem cells are actively investigated for cardiac repair in recent years (Bartulos et al, 2016; Li et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017; Foo et al, 2018; Ghazizadeh et al, 2018)
Summary
The heart is the first organ to form during mammalian embryogenesis. The formation of the heart begins at the gastrulation stage from mesoderm progenitor cells migrated from the primitive streak (Buckingham et al, 2005). Islet1 (Isl1) is one of the most important transcription factors, playing key roles in cardiovascular development.
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