Spot urinary sodium/creatinine ratio predicts previous day's 24 hour sodium excretion in young essential hypertensives: Michael Moore, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27103, Robin Burgess, Kent Volosin, Vardaman Buckalew, Jr.

Abstract

In this chapter, a model of socialization in small groups is described. The model assumes that groups and individuals exert reciprocal influence on one another and experience important temporal changes during their relationship together. Three major psychological processes, each of which can be viewed from the perspectives of both the group and the individual, operate within the model. The group and the individual engage in an ongoing evaluation of the rewardingness of their own and alternative relationships. On the basis of these evaluations, the feelings of commitment develop between the group and the individual. The levels of commitment change in systematic ways over time, rising or falling to previously established decision criteria. When a decision criterion is reached, a role transition takes place. The individual enters a new phase of group membership, and the relationship between the group and the individual changes. Evaluation proceeds, often along different dimensions, producing further changes in commitment and subsequent role transitions. In this way, the individual passes through five consecutive phases of group membership (investigation, socialization, maintenance, resocialization, remembrance), separated by four role transitions (entry, acceptance, divergence, exit). In formulating the model, small, autonomous, and voluntary groups are focused upon, because these groups are quite common and have been studied extensively by social psychologists. The model has several advantages as a means of conceptualizing group processes.