Abstract
AbstractSport is probably the most ubiquitous voluntary human social activity. Sport and physical exercise are associated with a wide range of health benefits. However, the reputation of the value of sports in this field, is being threatened by an ever-expanding armamentarium of substances and methods with real or perceived benefits in performance enhancement. The use of such substances and methods is conventionally identified as doping. Beside the fact that doping undermines values like fair play, it can cause real health risks. The ergogenic effects and health risks of doping substances and methods and, briefly, the prevalence of doping are described here.
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