Abstract
In a two-year Hungarian study, spore dispersal diurnal periodicity and viability of Monilinia spp. and their relation to weather components were determined in an organic apple orchard. Conidia of Monilinia spp. were first trapped in late May in both years. Low number of conidia were trapped until end-June. Thereafter, number of conidia continuously increased until harvest. Conidia in a 24-h period showed diurnal periodicity pattern, with th highest concentration in the afternoon hours. Spore viability with FDA staining showed that viability ofconidia ranged from 45 to 70% with showing lower viability in the dry than in the wet days in both years. Temperature and relative humidity correlated positively with mean hourly conidia numbers in both years. Mean hourly rainfall was negatively but poorly correlated with conidiacatches in both years. Results were compared and discussed with previous observations.
Highlights
Monilinia spp is the causative genus of fruit rot in fruit crops in the temperate regions of the world (Byrde & Willetts, 1977; Holb, 2006, 2008a)
Previous studies showed that viability of trapped conidia was 60 % (Holb, 2008b)
Mean temperature, and wind were shown to be important in explaining the variation in hourly spore counts of M. fructigena conidia (Holb, 2008b; Bannon et al, 2009)
Summary
Monilinia spp is the causative genus of fruit rot in fruit crops in the temperate regions of the world (Byrde & Willetts, 1977; Holb, 2006, 2008a). Dispersal of Monilinia spp. conidia can occur mainly by wind, water, insects, birds and man. Few studies monitored dispersal of M. fructigena conidia. Water was shown to be an important factor for spreading conidia within the tree (Pauvert et al, 1969). Insect dispersal of conidia has been an importamt factor from one fruit to another (Croxall et al, 1951; Lack, 1989). Previous studies showed that viability of trapped conidia was 60 % (Holb, 2008b). Mean temperature, and wind were shown to be important in explaining the variation in hourly spore counts of M. fructigena conidia (Holb, 2008b; Bannon et al, 2009)
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