Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to massive rupture of renal angiomyolipoma treated with nephrectomy: an unusual onset of tuberous sclerosis complex

Abstract

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic and systemic disorder characterized by benign hamartomatous tumors that involve multiple organ systems. The classical clinical triad of TSC consists of seizure, adenoma sebaceum (facial angiofibromata) and mental retardation. Renal angiomyolipomas are documented in approximately 40 - 80% of tuberous sclerosis patients and usually are small and asymptomatic. Less frequently nodules are large and lead to retroperitoneal hemorrhage. In these cases diagnosis can be difficult but definitive only after the histological examination or the systemic investigation of other possible tissue involvements. We describe the case of a 28 year old woman who came to the emergency department with acute postprandial abdominal pain and severe anemia due to hemorrhagic renal angiomyolipoma treated by nephrectomy in whom the following examination led to the diagnosis of TSC.