Abstract
Retroperitoneal haematoma is a rare clinical entity with variable etiology. It can happen spontaneously, without any obvious precipitating factors, the so-called spontaneous retroperitoneal haematoma. There is no general consensus as to the best management plan for patients with retroperitoneal haematoma. Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare cause of retroperitoneal haematoma. Here we report relationship between PAN and retroperitoneal haematoma and treatment approaches. However, an accepted and clearly defined treatment has not been established due to its rarity.
Highlights
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic, necrotizing vasculitis affecting mediumsized and small arteries
Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage known as Wunderlich syndrome (WS) is a rare but potentially life threatening entity characterized by acute onset of nontraumatic subcapsular and perirenal haematomas
Spontaneous perirenal bleeding secondary to PAN was first described by Schmidt in 1908
Summary
PAN is a systemic, necrotizing vasculitis affecting mediumsized and small arteries. It is characterized by segmental necrosis leading to aneurysm formation. Kidney involvement in PAN is seen in 70–80% of the patients and it may rarely be complicated by aneurismal rupture leading to subcapsular and perirenal haematomas [1]. Perirenal haematoma as the presenting feature of PAN can be diagnostically challenging, leading to a delay in recognition and treatment. We report a case of spontaneous perirenal haematoma in a young patient who had nonspecific abdominal pain. The patient received conservative treatment without surgical intervention and had an uneventful recovery
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