Spontaneous Regression of Over-elevation in Adduction Following Esotropia Surgery.

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To evaluate the course of over-elevation in adduction in patients who had esotropia following correction of horizontal deviation. The review of the medical files identified 28 patients who had esotropia with over-elevation in adduction. Data collected from the patients' full ophthalmological examinations included visual acuity, ocular alignment, duction, versions and sensory tests for binocularity and stereopsis, cycloplegic retinoscopy, and fundus evaluation. Oblique muscle function was graded on a scale of -4 to +4. The primary outcome measure was the amount of improvement in over-elevation in adduction following esotropia surgery. Of the 28 patients (mean age: 53.5 ± 53.7 months), 13 were males and 15 were females. Of these, 22 (78.6%) had infantile esotropia and 6 (21.4%) had partial accommodative esotropia. The mean follow-up was 16.3 ± 7.9 months. All patients underwent bilateral medial rectus recession for correction of esotropia. The mean preoperative inferior oblique overaction was +2.1 ± 0.7 and the final postoperative value was +0.8 ± 0.9 (P < .001). There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative over-elevation in adduction at all postoperative visits compared to the preoperative value (P < .001 at 3- and 6-month and final visits). Over-elevation in adduction regressed in 42 eyes (80.8%). Of these, 18 eyes (34.6%) completely resolved without any additional surgery to the inferior oblique muscle. Spontaneous regression in over-elevation in adduction was observed after esotropia surgery without additional inferior oblique weakening surgery. This may affect presurgical evaluation of and surgical planning for patients.