Abstract
Two patients with leukemia, who underwent remission induction chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, respectively, reported chest pain and dyspnea after recovery from neutropenia. In both patients, chest radiographs showed only a pneumothorax, whereas computed tomographic scanning also showed a peripheral pseudomycetoma. Antifungal treatment was instituted. The occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly after recovery from neutropenia, may indicate the presence of a subpleural infection. Computed tomographic scanning can reveal peripheral pulmonary lesions that are not detected by chest roentgenography.
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