Abstract
Single-photon source in micro- or nanoscale is the basic building block of on-chip quantum information and scalable quantum network. Enhanced spontaneous emission based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) is one of the key principles of realizing single-photon sources fabricated by micro- or nanophotonic cavities. Here we mainly review the spontaneous emission of single emitters in micro- or nanostructures, such as whispering gallery microcavities, photonic crystals, plasmon nanostructures, metamaterials, and their hybrids. The researches have enriched light-matter interaction as well as made great influence in single-photon source, photonic circuit, and on-chip quantum information.
Highlights
Single-photon source in micro- or nanoscale is the basic building block of on-chip quantum information and scalable quantum network
We reviewed the photon emission in metamaterials and hybrid structures. The rest of this Review is organized as follows: to ensure the completeness of the paper, in “A brief review of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED)” section, we briefly introduced the concept and developments of traditional CQED; in “The development of spontaneous emission in micro- or nanostructures” section, we summarized the theories, experiments, and applications of the spontaneous emission in various micro- or nanostructures, mainly including whispering gallery microcavities, photonic crystals, plasmon nanostructures, metamaterials, Table 1 Schematic, mode size L, quality factor Q, and Purcell factors F = γtot/γ0 for traditional CQED systems [2, 3, 8], Whisper gallery mode (WGM) [9–11], Photonic crystal (PC) [12–15], and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) structures [16–20]
Summary and prospects We have reviewed the spontaneous emission enhancement based on the CQED principle in micro- or nanophotonic structures, including whisper gallery microcavities, photonic crystals, surface plasmon metallic nanostructures, metamaterials, and hybrid structures
Summary
Single-photon source in micro- or nanoscale is the basic building block of on-chip quantum information and scalable quantum network. Spontaneous emission based on SPP structures Nowadays, plasmonic devices contribute a lot on strong and weak coupling systems of CQED by providing ultrasmall optical mode volume to enhance light-matter interaction [5–7, 220, 221]. To overcome high optical loss in the metal, some nanogaps between the dielectric and metallic structures are developed [252, 253] These kind of devices with high quantum efficiency promise an important impact on various fundamental and applied research fields, including photophysics, ultrafast plasmonics, bright single-photon sources, and Raman spectroscopy. When considering evanescent mode from 1D or 2D waveguides [280, 281], the enhancement of light-matter interaction benefits from gap surface plasmon [19, 282], and compressed optical mode volume by evanescent waves [45, 275, 276], leading to strong photon-exciton coupling with efficient fluorescence collection and high sensitivity to embedding environment
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